George Brown: Durham Cathedral - Salisbury's opposi

These are the notes George handed out at his talk.

Introduction

635	Lindisfarne founded by St. Aidan, a monk of Iona.
ca. 635-687	Cuthbert: monk, hermit, bishop, saint (bishop 685-7)
ca. 699	Anonymous Life of Cuthbert written ca. 699. Bede wrote the Latin verse life ca. 705 and a second prose Life ca. 720, and final version in the Ecclesiastical History, IV. 27-32.
793	Lindisfarne raided by Vikings; monks finally leave in 875, taking Cuthbert's coffin with them, arriving at Chester-le-Street in 883, and finally at Durham in 995.
Durham
998	Bishop Aldhum and "monks" dedicate the "White Church"
ca. 1022	AElfrid Westoue takes Bede's bones from Jarrow and puts them with Cuthbert.
1066	William the Conqueror sends Robert Cumin with 700 men to take possession of the NorthEast. The population of Durham rose en masse and slaughtered every Norman. William himself came north with a force and slaughtered every human being whom the soldiers could catch. The bishop and Congregation of St. Cuthbert fled to Lindisfarne, with the saint.
1067	Walcher of Lorraine appointed bishop to take Anglo-Saxon bishop AEthelwin's place. Castle built ca. 1072. William makes Walcher Earl of Northumbria in 1076, establishing the Palatinate. Walcher killed by a riotous mob.
1081	William of St. Carileph (St. Calais), abbot of St. Vincent, appointed bishop. Brought strict Benedictine rule to Durham community. He was exiled for participation in rebellion of Odo of Bayeux but returns in favor, bringing books and sacred objects.
1093	Bishop William has the White Church pulled down and begins construction of new Cathedral: erects choir, transept, crossing. Rib vaulting in choir may be the first in European architecture. Quadrant arches in the nave gallery.
1099	Bishop Ranulph Flambard finishes the nave.
ca. 1104	The central vault of the choir, which had to be replaced in the 13th C; but original work from 1096 survives in choir aisles.
1104	Translation of St. Cuthbert's relics to shrine at east end.
1175-89	Bishop Hugh du Puiset (Pudsey) has master masons Richard and William erect Galilee Chapel when Marian chapel at east end proves too difficult to construct.
1220	Upper stages of west towers.
1242-74	Five years after Bishop Poore's death forestalled his plans for the east end addition, Chapel of Nine Altars was erected in imitation of the east transept of Fountains abbey.
1341	West window installed
1366-71	The octagonal kitchen, designed by John Lewyn, is built in the cloisters.
1370	The shrine of the Venerable Bede was moved into the Galilee
1375-80	The Neville screen (reredos), donated by John, Lord Neville, is placed between the high altar and the shrine. Made of Caen stone, created in the workshop of Henry Yevele in London; it originally had 107 alabaster figures.
&nbps;	Bishop Hatfield's memorial with the bishop's throne above it erected on the south side of the choir.
1390-1418	Cloisters constructed
1428-35	Langley (bishop 1406, cardinal 1411) remodels and braces Galilee, erected chantry tomb for himself outside west door.
1465-75	Lower stages of central tower reconstructed; upper stages added 1483-90.
1650	Destruction of furnishings by Scots Prisoners in the Civil War
1777	Repairs to cracks in vaulting and walls by John Wooler; refinishing exterior stonework, carried out drastically by James Wyatt
1831	Bishop Van Mildert and Dean and Chapter turn over property around Palace Green to form the third university of England.
1840	Organ screen removed. Between 1870 and 1876 George Gilbert Scott devised a marble and alabaster screen at the entrance of the choir.

Dimensions		Nave		Crossing		Overall
Width		39 ft				192 ft
Length		210 ft				502 ft
Height		73 ft		218 ft		74 ft

Material: Local carboniferous sandstone

Style:

Body: mostly Norman

Galilee chapel: late Norman

Chapel of the Nine Altars: Early English

Upper central tower: Perpendicular

Select bibliography

Lindisfarne and Cuthbert

Backhouse, Janet, ed., The Lindisfarne Gospels. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981.

Battiscombe, C. F., ed. The Relics of St. Cuthbert. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1956.

Bonner, Gerald, David Rollason, and Clare Stancliffe. St. Curthbert, His Cult and His Community. Woodbridge: Boydell, 1989.

Colgrave, Bertram and R.A.B Mynors, eds. Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.

Colgrave, Bertram, trans. Two Lives of Saint Cuthbert. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1940, 1985.

O'Sullivan, Deirdre, and Robert Young. Book of Lindisfarne: Holy Island. London: English Heritage/B.T. Batsford, 1995.

Durham

British Archaeological Association Conference Transactions for 1977: Medieval Art and Architecture at Durham Cathedral. BAA, 1980.

Courtenay, Lynn T., Ed. The Engineering Of Medieval Cathedrals. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997. Ch. 8 "The Stonework Planning of the first Durham Master," by Jean Bony. (Also note ch. 19 "Building the tower and spire of Salisbury Cathedral," by Tim Tatton-Brown.)

Jackson, Michael, ed. Engineering a Cathedral. Proceedings from Durham Conference, 9-11 September 1993. London: Thomas Telford, 1993.

Rollason, David, Margaret Harvey, and Michael Prestwich, eds. Anglo-Norman Durham, 1093-1193. Woodbridge: Boydell, 1994.

Shipley, Debra. Durham Cathedral. London: Tauris Parke Books, 1990. Stranks, E. J. This Sumptuous Church: The Story of Durham Cathedral. London:SPCK, 1973.

Thompson, Michael. Medieval Bishops' Houses in England and Wales. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998.